Solenoids

Definition: A solenoid is an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into linear mechanical motion. It consists of a coil of wire and a movable ferromagnetic core (plunger).

Working Principle: When current flows through the coil, it generates a magnetic field that pulls the plunger into the center of the coil, creating linear motion.

Applications:

• Valve actuators (e.g., in irrigation systems, washing machines)
• Door locks (e.g., car door locks, electronic safes)
• Relays and switches
• Industrial automation

Types:

• Linear Solenoid: Produces straight-line motion.
• Rotary Solenoid: Converts linear motion to rotary motion.

Key Parameters:

• Voltage Rating (e.g., 5V, 12V, 24V)
• Stroke Length (how far the plunger moves)
• Force Output (measured in Newtons)
• Duty Cycle (continuous vs. intermittent operation)

Driving Tips:

• Use a flyback diode across the coil to suppress voltage spikes.
• Use a transistor (e.g., MOSFET or BJT) for microcontroller-based control.
• Ensure adequate power supply current capability.