802.15.x LR-WPAN Modules
IEEE 802.15.x defines Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs), optimized for low-power, low-data-rate applications.
Key Standards & Module Types:
- 802.15.4: Basis for Zigbee, Thread, and 6LoWPAN. Operates at 2.4 GHz (global), 915 MHz (US), 868 MHz (EU). Data rates: 20–250 kbps.
- Zigbee Modules: Built on 802.15.4; used in home automation, industrial sensing. Examples: XBee (Digi), JN516x (NXP).
- Thread Modules: IP-based mesh networking (IPv6/6LoWPAN). Uses 802.15.4 PHY/MAC. Example: Nordic nRF52840 + OpenThread.
- Sigfox / LoRa (non-802.15): Often compared but not IEEE 802.15; operate in sub-GHz bands with long range.
Typical Features:
- Low power consumption (battery-operated for years)
- Mesh networking capability
- Integrated RF transceiver + MCU (e.g., ARM Cortex-M)
- On-chip MAC/PHY per 802.15.4
- Small form factor modules (surface-mount or through-hole)
Popular Module Examples:
| Module |
Chipset |
Protocol |
Freq |
Data Rate |
| Digi XBee-PRO S2C |
SiLabs EM357 |
Zigbee |
2.4 GHz |
250 kbps |
| NXP JN5189 |
JN5189 SoC |
Zigbee/Thread |
2.4 GHz |
250 kbps |
| TI CC2652R + Z-Stack |
CC2652R |
Zigbee 3.0 |
2.4 GHz |
250 kbps |
Note: 802.15.4 is the physical basis; higher-layer protocols (Zigbee, Thread) define routing, security, and application profiles.