Definition: A switching hub (commonly known as a network switch) is a networking device that connects devices in a LAN and forwards data packets between them using MAC addresses.

Function: Operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI model. Learns MAC addresses and forwards frames only to the intended port, improving network efficiency and security.

Types:

• Unmanaged Switch – Plug-and-play, no configuration.
• Managed Switch – Supports VLANs, QoS, SNMP, etc.
• PoE Switch – Delivers power and data over Ethernet.

Advantages over Hub: Full duplex, dedicated bandwidth per port, reduced collisions, better performance.