Other Optical Semiconductors

• Laser Diodes (LD): Emit coherent light; used in fiber optics, laser printers, and medical devices.
• Photodetectors: Convert light into electrical current; include PIN photodiodes and avalanche photodiodes (APD).
• Optocouplers (Optoisolators): Combine LED and photodetector to isolate circuits electrically while transmitting signals optically.
• Solar Cells (Photovoltaic Cells): Semiconductor devices that convert sunlight into electricity.
• Image Sensors: CCD and CMOS sensors used in cameras and imaging systems.
• Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs): Used in data communication, sensing, and facial recognition.
• Quantum Dot LEDs (QLED) & Photodetectors: Use nanoscale semiconductor particles for enhanced optical properties.