- Core: Ultra-pure glass (Silica, SiO₂), sometimes plastic (POF)
- Cladding: Glass or plastic with lower refractive index than core
- Coating: Acrylate polymer (dual-layer: soft inner, hard outer)
- Strength Members: Aramid yarn (Kevlar), fiberglass rods
- Cable Jacket: Polyethylene (PE), PVC, LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen)
- Water Blocking: Gel filling or dry water-swellable tapes/yarns
Material choice depends on application: indoor, outdoor, armored, aerial, etc.