| Type | Principle | Range | Accuracy | Isolation | Typical Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shunt Resistor | Ohm's Law (V = I×R) | mA to kA | High | No | Battery monitoring, low-side sensing |
| ACS712 | Hall Effect | ±5/±20/±30A | Moderate | Yes | AC/DC motor control, overload protection |
| TMP392 | Magnetic Sense (Hall) | ±16A | High | Yes | Precision DC current sensing |
| INA219 | Shunt + ADC | 0–3.2A | Very High | No | Power monitoring (I²C interface) |
| CT Sensor | Transformer Principle | 1A to 1000A | Good | Yes | AC mains monitoring |
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