Controlled Oscillators

Definition: A Controlled Oscillator generates a periodic signal whose frequency is determined by an external control input (voltage or current).

Types:

• VCO (Voltage-Controlled Oscillator): Output frequency varies with input voltage.
• CCO (Current-Controlled Oscillator): Output frequency varies with input current.
• VCXO (Voltage-Controlled Crystal Oscillator): High-stability oscillator with small frequency tuning range.

Applications:

• Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs)
• Frequency Modulation (FM)
• Synthesizers in RF systems
• Timing recovery circuits

Key Parameters:

• Tuning Range
• Linearity (K_VCO)
• Phase Noise
• Power Consumption