Brushed DC Motors

Voltage Range: Typically 3V to 24V

Speed: Up to several thousand RPM, depending on voltage and load

Torque: Varies with motor size and design; higher torque motors available

Commutation: Mechanical (carbon or precious metal brushes and commutator)

Lifespan: Limited by brush wear; typically 1,000–5,000 hours

Applications: Toys, appliances, power tools, automotive systems (e.g., window lifts), low-cost robotics

Pros: Simple control, low cost, good starting torque

Cons: Brush wear, electrical noise, lower efficiency, limited speed range

Control: Speed controlled via PWM; direction via H-bridge