Definition: Passive RF/microwave components that reduce signal amplitude without significant distortion.

Types

• • Fixed Attenuators – Set attenuation value (e.g., 3 dB, 10 dB)
• • Variable Attenuators – Adjustable attenuation (mechanically or electronically)
• • Step Attenuators – Selectable discrete values
• • DC-Blocked & DC-Passing – Based on DC continuity

Key Parameters

• • Attenuation (dB) – Signal reduction level
• • Frequency Range – Operational bandwidth
• • Power Rating – Max input power (CW and peak)
• • VSWR / Return Loss – Impedance match quality
• • Accuracy & Flatness – Consistency over frequency

Topologies

Pi (π), T, and Bridged-T resistor networks for 50Ω or 75Ω systems.

Applications

• • Signal level matching
• • Isolation between stages
• • Improving impedance matching
• • Protecting sensitive equipment